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Additional resources for Anatomy and Imaging of the Cranial Nerves: A Neuroanatomic Method of Investigation Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT)

Example text

F'-'IIJ'r. Medulla oblongata Optic nerve (II) 19 Anatomy Imaging COURSE - TERMINALS - COLLATERALS REGIONS EXAMINED Origin and intracranial course Examination of orbital cavity and optic canal Optic pathways: - chiasm, optic tracts - lateral geniculate body, pulvinar Imaging of third ventricle, interpeduncular and chiasmatic cisterns Cerebral cortex (occipital lobe), calcarine sulcus Imaging of occipitotemporal junction (posterior and inferior horns) with demonstration of calcarine sulcus Pathology - Hypophyseal tumors (compression of chiasm), - tumors of third ventricle (compression of optic nerves and chiasm), - meningiomata of lesser wing of sphenoid (ophthalmoplegia), - neurinoma of optic canal, - Crouzon's disease, - orbital apex syndrome (or Rollet's syndrome), - fracture of optic canal or anterior clinoid process, - major aneurysm of internal carotid artery, - ventricular tumors at occipitotemporal junction (optic radiations).

Diagram and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ................................... Lateral geniculate body, pulvinar, calcarine sulcus Axial and sagittal views (MRI) .................. 19 19 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 31 32 The optic nerve is formed by numerous nerve fibers arising from the cells of the retina. These converge towards the optic disk, traverse the sclera and choroid, and emerge from the eyeball to form a bulky rounded cord, . the optic nerve. The optic nerve traverses the orbital cavity, enters the optic canal and ends at the optic chiasm, where the nerve fibers partially cross over to form the optic tracts.

Axial view (CT, MRI) .......................... Frontal view (interpeduncular cisternography) ..... Course, sulcus of oculomotor nerve, cavernous sinus, superior orbital fissure Anatomy and imaging (examination) ............. Dorsum sellae (CT) ..... . . . . . . . . . . . .. Sulcus of oculomotor nerve, superior orbital fissure Anatomy and radiography ........ . . . . . . Extrinsic ocular movements Anatomy and imaging ......................... Frontal and sagittal views (CT) .

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